AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR Vacant Land Bounded By Stockport Road, Swallow Street, Siddall Street And Pennington Street Manchester M12 4QN

ENVIRONMENT VIEWS (HOLDINGS) LIMITED STOCKPORT ROAD, LEVENSHULME Air Quality Assessment MCP2360 www.bwbconsulting.com VIEWS (HOLDINGS) LIMITED STOCKPORT ROAD, LEVENSHULME AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT Birmingham Livery Place, 35 Livery Street, Colmore Business District, Birmingham, B3 2PB T: 0121 233 3322 Cambridge 14-16 High Street, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9JD T: 01223 235 173 Leeds Whitehall Waterfront, 2 Riverside Way, Leeds LS1 4EH T: 0113 233 8000 London 11 Borough High Street London, SE1 9SE T: 0207 407 3879 Manchester 11 Portland Street, Manchester, M1 3HU T: 0161 233 4260 Market Harborough 12a Woodcock House, Compass Point Market Harborough, Leicestershire, LE16 9HW T: 01858 455020 Nottingham Waterfront House, Station Street, Nottingham NG2 3DQ T: 0115 924 1100 September 2020 BWB Consulting Ltd: Registered in England 5265863 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 DOCUMENT ISSUE RECORD Document Number: SRL-BWB-ZZ-ZZ-RP-LA-0001_AQA_S0_P02 BWB Reference: MCP2360-001 Revision Date of Issue Status Author: Checked: Approved: 0.4 29/09/2020 Issue R. Shorrock MSc, BSc (Hons) C. Meddings MSc, BSc (Hons), CSci, MIAQM, MIEnvSc C. Meddings MSc, BSc (Hons), CSci, MIAQM, MIEnvSc Notice This document has been prepared for the sole use of the Client in accordance with the terms of the appointment under which it was produced. BWB Consulting Limited accepts no responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this document by any third party. No part of this document shall be copied or reproduced in any form without the prior written permission of BWB. Page | ii LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BWB Consulting Limited was appointed by VIEWS (Holdings) Limited to undertake an air quality assessment for a proposed development at Stockport Road, Levenshulme. The proposed development Site is located within the administrative area of Manchester City Council and lies adjacent to the A6, Stockport Road. The Site is partially located within the Greater Manchester Air Quality Management Area which is designated for the potential exceedance of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air quality objective. A qualitative construction phase dust assessment was undertaken in accordance with Institute of Air Quality Management guidance and measures were recommended for inclusion in a Dust Management Plan to minimise emissions during construction activities. With the implementation of these mitigation measures the impact of construction phase dust emissions was considered to be ‘not significant’ in accordance with Institute of Air Quality Management guidance. The proposed development trip generation was screened using the Institute of Air Quality Management and Environmental Protection UK two stage screening process, to determine whether a detailed road traffic emissions impact assessment was required. The proposed development trip generation did not exceed the relevant screening criteria and therefore detailed dispersion modelling of development-generated road traffic was not undertaken. A detailed road traffic emissions assessment was undertaken to consider the impact of road traffic across the proposed development Site and the suitability of the Site for the proposed commercial and residential use with regard to air quality. Road traffic emissions were modelled using the dispersion model ADMS-Roads and concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) were predicted across the Site. The modelling assessment was undertaken in accordance with Defra Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance and Institute of Air Quality Management & Environmental Protection UK guidance. Pollutant concentrations were predicted to be below the relevant air quality objectives and the Site was therefore considered suitable for the proposed use. Page | iii LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................iii 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 6 Appointment & Background.......................................................................................................6 Site Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Proposed Development .............................................................................................................. 6 2. LEGISLATION, PLANNING POLICY & GUIDANCE........................................................................8 National Legislation and Planning Policy .................................................................................. 8 Local Planning Policy ................................................................................................................. 11 Air Quality Assessment Guidance ............................................................................................11 3. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 13 Consultation with Manchester City Council............................................................................13 Construction Phase Assessment ...............................................................................................13 Road Traffic Emissions Impact – Screening Assessment.........................................................14 Road Traffic Emissions Exposure – Air Dispersion Modelling...................................................14 4. BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................... 18 Local Air Quality Management ................................................................................................ 18 Local Air Quality Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 18 Particulate Matter (PM10)...........................................................................................................18 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) .......................................................................................................... 18 Background Pollutant Concentrations .................................................................................... 19 5. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................ 20 Step 1: Screen the Need for a Detailed Assessment..............................................................20 Step 2: Assess the Risk of Dust Impacts..................................................................................... 20 Step 3: Site-Specific Mitigation..................................................................................................24 Step 4: Determine Significant Effects ....................................................................................... 24 6. OPERATIONAL PHASE ROAD TRAFFIC EMISSIONS IMPACT SCREENING ASSESSMENT .......... 25 Stage 1.........................................................................................................................................25 Stage 2.........................................................................................................................................25 7. OPERATIONAL PHASE ROAD TRAFFIC EMISSIONS EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT ........................... 26 Proposed Receptor Locations .................................................................................................. 26 8. MITIGATION.................................................................................................................................. 35 Construction Phase Assessment ...............................................................................................35 Road Traffic Emissions.................................................................................................................38 9. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................ 39 Page | iv LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 FIGURES Figure 1.1: Site Location Figure 5.1: Construction Phase Dust Assessment Distance Buffers Figure 7.1: NO2 Concentrations Across the Site at Ground Floor Level Figure 7.2: PM10 Concentrations Across the Site at Ground Floor Level Figure 7.3: PM2.5 Concentrations Across the Site at Ground Floor Level Figure 7.4: NO2 Concentrations Across the Site at First Floor Level Figure 7.5: PM10 Concentrations Across the Site at First Floor Level Figure 7.6: PM2.5 Concentrations Across the Site at First Floor Level APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Glossary of Terms APPENDIX B: Proposed Development Drawings APPENDIX C: Traffic Data Utilised in the Air Dispersion Modelling APPENDIX D: Wind Rose APPENDIX E: Model Verification APPENDIX F: Sensitivity Analysis Page | v LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 1. INTRODUCTION Appointment & Background 1.1 BWB Consulting Limited was appointed by View (Holdings) Limited to undertake an air quality assessment for a proposed development at land off Stockport Road, Levenshulme (‘the Site’). 1.2 The assessment considers construction phase dust impacts and operational phase road traffic emissions. A qualitative construction phase dust assessment was undertaken in accordance with relevant guidance. An operational phase road traffic emissions screening assessment was undertaken to consider the requirement for a detailed assessment of additional vehicles generated by the proposed development. A detailed road traffic emissions exposure assessment was undertaken to predict pollutant concentrations across the proposed development Site and assess the suitability of the Site for the proposed residential and commercial uses. 1.3 This report is necessarily technical in nature, so to assist the reader, a glossary of air quality terminology can be found in Appendix A. Site Setting 1.4 The Site is located off the A6 Stockport Road, within the administrative area of Manchester City Council (MCC). Figure 1.1 details the location of the proposed development. The Site currently comprises vacant land. 1.5 To the north and south of the Site are commercial uses and residential dwellings located on and off Stockport Road. To the east of the site are commercial units with residential dwellings beyond. To the west of the Site lies residential dwellings with the west coast mainline railway running beyond. 1.6 Principal air pollution sources in the vicinity of the development are likely to comprise road traffic emissions. The Site is partially located within the Greater Manchester Air Quality Management Area (AQMA), which was designated for the potential exceedance of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Proposed Development 1.7 The proposed development comprises 39 residential apartments and ground floor commercial units. The proposed development masterplan is detailed in Appendix B. Page | 6 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 1.1: Site Location Page | 7 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 2. LEGISLATION, PLANNING POLICY & GUIDANCE National Legislation and Planning Policy The UK Air Quality Strategy 2.1 European Union (EU) legislation forms the basis of air quality policy and legislation in the UK. The EU 2008 ambient Air Quality Directive1 sets limits for ambient concentrations of air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). The air quality standards and objectives are prescribed through the Air Quality (England) Regulations 20002, as amended, for the purpose of the Local Air Quality Management Framework. 2.2 The UK Government are required under the Environment Act 19953 to produce a national Air Quality Strategy (AQS). The AQS was first published in 19974 and was most recently reviewed and updated in 20075. The AQS provides an overview of the Government’s ambient air quality policy and sets out the air quality standards and objectives to be achieved and measures to improve air quality. 2.3 Part IV of the Environment Act3 requires local authorities in the UK to review local air quality within their administrative area and, if relevant air quality standards and objectives are likely to be exceeded, designate Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). Following the designation of an AQMA, local authorities are required to publish an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) detailing measures to be taken to improve local air quality and work towards meeting the relevant air quality standards and objectives. National Planning Policy Framework 2.4 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)6 was amended in February 2019 and sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. 2.5 With regard to assessing cumulative effects the NPPF6 states: “Planning policies and decisions should also ensure that new development is appropriate for its location taking into account the likely effects (including cumulative effects) of pollution on health, living conditions and the natural environment, as well as the potential sensitivity of the site or the wider area to impacts that could arise from the development. [...]” 2.6 The NPPF6 recognises air quality within Section 15: Conserving and enhancing the natural environment, and states that: 1 European Parliament (2008) Council Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe 2 HMSO (2000) Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 928, The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (as amended), London: HMSO 3 HMSO (1995) The Environment Act 1995, London: TSO 4 Department of the Environment (DoE) (1997) The UK National Air Quality Strategy, London: HMSO 5 Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2007) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, London: HMSO 6 Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (2019) National Planning Policy Framework, HMSO London Page | 8 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 “Planning policies and decisions should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by: [...] e) preventing new and existing development from contributing to, being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by, unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution or land instability. Development should, wherever possible, help to improve local environmental conditions such as air and water quality, taking into account relevant information such as river basin management plans; [...] Planning policies and decisions should also ensure that new development is appropriate for its location taking into account the likely effects (including cumulative effects) of pollution on health, living conditions and the natural environment, as well as the potential sensitivity of the site or the wider area to impacts that could arise from the development. [...] Planning policies and decisions should sustain and contribute towards compliance with relevant limit values or national objectives for pollutants, taking into account the presence of Air Quality Management Areas and Clean Air Zones, and the cumulative impacts from individual sites in local areas. Opportunities to improve air quality or mitigate impacts should be identified, such as through traffic and travel management, and green infrastructure provision and enhancement. So far as possible these opportunities should be considered at the plan-making stage, to ensure a strategic approach and limit the need for issues to be reconsidered when determining individual applications. Planning decisions should ensure that any new development in Air Quality Management Areas and Clean Air Zones is consistent with the local air quality action plan.” Planning Practice Guidance 2.7 The Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) for air quality7 was updated in November 2019 and provides guiding principles on how the planning process can take account of the impacts of new development on air quality. 2.8 The PPG7 sets out the following with regard to air quality and planning: • “What air quality considerations does planning need to address; • What is the role of plan-making with regard to air quality; • Air quality concerns relevant to neighbourhood planning; • What information is available about air quality; 7 Department for Communities and Local Government (2019) Planning Practice Guidance Air Quality Page | 9 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 • When could air quality considerations be relevant to the development management process; • What specific issues may need to be considered when assessing air quality impacts; • How detailed does an air quality assessment need to be; and • How can an impact on air quality be mitigated”. 2.9 The PPG7 sets out the pollutants for which there are legally bindings limits for concentrations and those which the UK also has national emissions reduction commitments. 2.10 The PPG7 states that development plans may need to consider: • “what are the observed trends shown by recent air quality monitoring data and what would happen to these trends in light of proposed development and / or allocations; • the impact of point sources of air pollution (pollution that originates from one place); • the potential cumulative impact of a number of smaller developments on air quality as well as the effect of more substantial developments, including their implications for vehicle emissions; • ways in which new development could be made appropriate in locations where air quality is or is likely to be a concern, and not give rise to unacceptable risks from pollution. This could, for example, entail identifying measures for offsetting the impact on air quality arising from new development including supporting measures in an air quality action plan or low emissions strategy where applicable; and • opportunities to improve air quality or mitigate impacts, such as through traffic and travel management and green infrastructure provision and enhancement”. 2.11 The PPG7 also states what may be considered relevant to determining a planning application and these include whether a development would: • “Lead to changes (including any potential reductions) in vehicle-related emissions in the immediate vicinity of the proposed development or further afield. This could be through the provision of electric vehicle charging infrastructure; altering the level of traffic congestion; significantly changing traffic volumes, vehicle speeds or both; or significantly altering the traffic composition on local roads. Other matters to consider include whether the proposal involves the development of a bus station, coach or lorry park; could add to turnover in a large car park; or involve construction sites that would generate large Heavy Goods Vehicle flows over a period of a year or more; Page | 10 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 • Introduce new point sources of air pollution. This could include furnaces which require prior notification to local authorities; biomass boilers or biomass-fuelled Combined Heat and Power plant; centralised boilers or plant burning other fuels within or close to an air quality management area or introduce relevant combustion within a Smoke Control Area; or extraction systems (including chimneys) which require approval or permits under pollution control legislation; • Expose people to harmful concentrations of air pollutants, including dust. This could be by building new homes, schools, workplaces or other development in places with poor air quality; • Give rise to potentially unacceptable impacts (such as dust) during construction for nearby sensitive locations; • Have a potential adverse effect on biodiversity, especially where it would affect sites designated for their biodiversity value”. 2.12 The PPG7 provides guidance regarding what should be included within an air quality assessment. Examples of potential air quality mitigation measures are also provided. Local Planning Policy Manchester Core Strategy 2.13 The Manchester Core Strategy (2012)8 is the main document in the Manchester Local Plan. The Core Strategy sets out MCC policies and proposals for the use and development of land and buildings and includes the below policy in relation to air quality. “Policy EN 16 - Air Quality The Council will seek to improve the air quality within Manchester, and particularly within Air Quality Management Areas, located along Manchester’s principal traffic routes and at Manchester Airport. Developers will be expected to take measures to minimise and mitigate the local impact of emissions from traffic generated by the development, as well as emissions created by the use of the development itself, including from Combined Heat and Power and biomass plant. When assessing the appropriateness of locations for new development the Council will consider the impacts on air quality, alongside other plan objectives. This includes cumulative impacts, particularly in Air Quality Management Areas.” 2.14 The above policy was taken into consideration throughout the undertaking of the assessment. Air Quality Assessment Guidance 2.15 The following guidance was utilised in the air quality assessment: 8 Manchester City Council (2012) Core Strategy 2012-2027 Page | 11 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 • Defra, Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG(16)) (2018)9; • Institute of Air Quality Management, Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction (2014)10; and • Institute of Air Quality Management and Environmental Protection UK, Land-Use Planning and Development Control: Planning for Air Quality (2017)11. 9 Defra (2018) Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) 10 Institute of Air Quality Management (2014) Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction, Institute of Air Quality Management, London 11 Institute of Air Quality Management and Environmental Protection UK (2017) Land-Use Planning and Development Control: Planning for Air Quality Page | 12 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 3. METHODOLOGY Consultation with Manchester City Council 3.1 Consultation was undertaken with the Environmental Health Department at MCC, in which the proposed assessment methodology was provided via email and a response was received on 17th September 202012. 3.2 The agreed assessment methodology is detailed below: • Construction Phase – A construction phase assessment was undertaken and relevant measures to mitigate construction phase dust emissions were recommended. The assessment was undertaken in accordance with guidance provided by the Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM)10. • Operational Phase Road Traffic Emissions Impact Assessment – An operational phase road traffic emissions screening assessment was undertaken in accordance with IAQM and Environmental Protection UK (EPUK) guidance11. • Operational Phase Road Traffic Emissions Exposure Assessment – A detailed operational phase road traffic emissions assessment was undertaken to predict pollutant concentrations at the proposed development Site. The dispersion model ADMS-Roads was used to model concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) across the proposed development Site. The assessment was undertaken in accordance with Defra Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG16)9 and Institute of Air Quality Management and Environmental Protection UK (EPUK) guidance11. 3.3 Full details of the methodology used in the assessment are provided below. Construction Phase Assessment 3.4 An assessment of the potential impacts arising from the construction of the proposed development was undertaken in accordance with IAQM Guidance10. The full assessment methodology is not reproduced within this report but a summary of the assessment steps is provided below. • Step 1 – screen the requirement for a more detailed assessment. No assessment is required if there are no receptors within a certain distance of the works. • Step 2 – assess the risk of dust impacts separately for each of the four activities considered (demolition, earthworks, construction and trackout). o Step 2A – determine the potential dust emission magnitude for each of the four activities; o Step 2B – determine the sensitivity of the area; o Step 2C – determine the risk of dust impacts by combining the findings of steps 2A and 2B. • Step 3 – determine the site-specific mitigation for each of the four activities; and • Step 4 – examine the residual effects and determine significance. 12 Consultation request emails issued to MCC Environmental Health Department on 15/09/2020 via the Council online portal. Page | 13 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Road Traffic Emissions Impact – Screening Assessment 3.5 Guidance published by the IAQM and EPUK in 201711 provides a two-stage approach to determine the level of assessment required in the consideration of the impact of development-generated road traffic emissions on local air quality. Stage 1 3.6 The Stage 1 criteria requires that the assessment progress to Stage 2 if any of the following apply: • The development comprises: o 10 or more residential units or a site area of more than 0.5ha; or o More than 1,000m2 of floor space for all other uses or a site area greater than 1ha; o Coupled with any of the following: o The development has more than 10 parking spaces; or o The development will have a centralised energy facility or other centralised combustion process. Stage 2 3.7 The IAQM and EPUK guidance provides the following indicative criteria to determine whether a detailed road traffic emissions assessment is required for a proposed development. 3.8 The Stage 2 criteria relevant to the Proposed Development are: • A change in Light Duty Vehicles (LDV) or more than 100 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) within an AQMA; and • A change in HDV flow of more than 25 AADT within an AQMA. Road Traffic Emissions Exposure – Air Dispersion Modelling 3.9 The air dispersion model ADMS-Roads, version 5.0.0.1 was utilised in the assessment to predict concentrations of NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 across the proposed development Site. 3.10 The assessment was undertaken in accordance with Defra Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance9 and Institute of Air Quality Management and Environmental Protection UK guidance11. Assessment Scenarios and Traffic Data 3.11 The following scenarios were considered in the air dispersion modelling: • Scenario 1: 2019 Verification Year; and • Scenario 2: 2023 Opening Year of development. Page | 14 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 3.12 Traffic data were obtained from Curtains, the Transport Consultants for the project. 24-hour Annual Average Daily Traffic Data (AADT) and Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) proportions were provided for the following road for use in the assessment: • A6, Stockport Road. 3.13 Consideration was given to the speeds at which vehicles are likely to travel within the study area. Free-flowing traffic conditions were modelled at 40kph. Queuing sections and all traffic and pedestrian lights within the study area were modelled in accordance with Defra guidance9. 3.14 Traffic data used in the air dispersion modelling are provided in Appendix C and shown in Figure C1. ADMS-Roads Model Inputs 3.15 The following model inputs were utilised in the assessment: • • • • • • • 13 Defra (2019) 14 Defra (2019) 15 Defra (2019) Emission Factors – emission factors were utilised from the Defra Emission Factor Toolkit13, version 10.0, for the years of assessment (2019 and 2023). Conversion of oxides of nitrogen – concentrations of NOx were predicted using the ADMS-Roads dispersion model. These concentrations were converted to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using the Defra NOx to NO2 calculator14, version 8.1. Meteorological Data – hourly sequential meteorological data for the base year of assessment (2019) were obtained for the Manchester recording station. This is the closest, most representative recording station to the proposed development Site. The wind rose for 2019 is provided in Appendix D. Surface roughness and Monin-Obukhov length (MO) – a surface roughness of 1 and an MO length of 100 utilised in the dispersion model. These are representative of the urban conditions of the study area. Background pollutant concentrations – background concentrations of NO2 were obtained from MCC MAN81 urban background monitoring location to represent a conservative assessment of the conditions within the study area. This monitoring location recorded higher concentrations in 2019 than those provided by Defra. The 2019 data was adjusted in accordance with Defra mapped assumed reduction for future year backgrounds. PM10 and PM2.5 for the study area were obtained from the pollutant concentrations maps15 provided by Defra as a 1km x 1km grid of the UK, for the years of assessment (2019 and 2023). Model verification – model verification was undertaken using MCC monitoring data available for the study area. Full details of the verification procedure are provided in Appendix E. Calculation of short term PM10 concentrations – the following calculation, as detailed in Defra guidance9, was utilised to calculate the number of exceedance of the 24-hour mean PM10 air quality objective: Number of 24-Hour Mean Exceedance = -18.5 + 0.00145 * Annual Mean3 + (206 / Annual Mean) Emission Factor Toolkit [https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-assessment/tools/emissions-factors-toolkit.html] NOx to NO2 Calculator [https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-assessment/tools/background-maps.html#NOxNO2calc] background pollutant concentration maps [https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps?year=2017] Page | 15 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 • The IAQM released a position statement in July 201816 regarding dealing with the uncertainty in vehicle NOx emissions within air quality assessments. This recommends that sensitivity analyses be undertaken and professional judgement be applied to consider the scenario where NOx emissions do not reduce as rapidly as shown by the EFT. Defra released new versions of the air quality assessment tools in August 2020, including updated versions of the background concentration maps, Emission Factor Toolkit and NOx to NO2 Calculator. At the time of writing the IAQM had not released a revised position statement. As such, and to provide a conservative assessment, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken and emission factors, NOx to NO2 calculator inputs and background concentrations were kept at base year (2020) levels. Details of the sensitivity analysis are provided in Appendix F. Limitations and Assumptions 3.16 There are uncertainties associated with both measured and predicted pollutant concentrations. The model (ADMS-Roads) used in this assessment relies on input data (including predicted traffic flows), which are also subject to uncertainty. The model itself simplifies complex physical systems into a range of algorithms. In addition, local micro-climatic conditions may affect the concentrations of pollutants that the ADMS- Roads model will not take into account. 3.17 Traffic data provided by the Transport Consultants were sourced from the Department for Transport (DfT)17 for the above scenarios. Opening Year traffic data was calculated using the Trip End Model Presentation Program (TEMPro)(v7.2)18 to obtain daily average TEMPro factors based upon the area and road source. The residential trip generation was then added to this to derive the 2023 Opening Year scenario data. 3.18 It is understood that the Greater Manchester Combined Authorities have been directed by the Government to introduce a ‘Category C’ charging Clean Air Zone (CAZ). This covers sections of the A6 Stockport Road. Greater Manchester are due to undertake consultation during October 2020 on these proposals. As the CAZ is under review at the time of assessment this is not accounted for within the traffic data used for the assessment. It is considered that the air quality assessment provides a conservative assessment as it assumes that the benefits associated with the CAZ are not present. 3.19 To reduce thes uncertainty associated with predicted concentrations, model verification was carried out following guidance set out in LAQM.TG16. As the model was verified using local monitoring data and adjusted accordingly, there can be reasonable confidence in the predicted concentrations. Assessment Criteria 3.20 Predicted pollutant concentrations were compared to the relevant air quality objectives. The current relevant air quality standards and objectives are detailed in Table 3.1. 16 Institute of Air Quality Management (2018) Position Statement: Dealing with Uncertainty in Vehicle NOx Emissions within Air Quality Assessments, Version 1.1 17 Department for Transport (DfT) 2020[https://roadtraffic.dft.gov.uk] 18 Trip End Model Presentation Programme [http://222.gov.uk/government/publications/tempro-downloads] Page | 16 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Table 3.1: Air Quality Standards and Objectives (England) per year Pollutant Averaging Period Air Quality Objective (μg.m-3) Date to Achieve by NO2 Annual Mean 40 31 December 2005 1-hour mean not to be exceeded more than 18 times 200 31 December 2005 PM10 Annual Mean 40 31 December 2004 24-hour mean not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year 50 31 December 2004 PM2.5 Annual mean target (15% cut in annual mean (urban background exposure) 25 2010 - 2020 Page | 17 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 4. BASELINE CONDITIONS Local Air Quality Management 4.1 The proposed development is partially located within the Greater Manchester AQMA designation. The AQMA was designated by MCC for the potential exceedance of the annual mean NO2 air quality objective. Local Air Quality Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 4.2 MCC undertakes monitoring within its administrative boundary using a network of automatic monitoring locations and diffusion tubes. The closest monitoring location to the proposed development Site is located on the A6 Stockport Road (diffusion tube MA75NO), 160m south east of the Site. 4.3 Bias adjusted NO2 monitoring results, for the location in the vicinity of the proposed development Site, are detailed in Table 4.1. Bold text denotes an exceedance of the annual mean air quality objective. Table 4.1: MCC NO2 Monitoring Data in 2015 – 2019 Location Grid Reference Monitoring Site Type19 Monitored Annual Average Concentration (μg.m-3) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 MA75NO Stockport Road 387363 394617 Kerbside 46.5 51.5 47.7 47.6 47.0 MAN81NO Peaceville Road 386589 394083 Urban Background 23.3 25.9 25.2 21.8 23.0 4.4 Monitored concentrations in the vicinity of the proposed development Site exceeded the annual mean air quality objective for NO2 of 40μg.m-3 for all years reported. The monitoring location on Stockport Road was used within the model verification. Particulate Matter (PM10) 4.5 There are no PM10 monitoring locations within the study area. MCC undertake PM10 monitoring at three automatic analyser locations, these locations were below the annual mean PM10 air quality objective of 40μg.m-3 in 2019 and the last five years. Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 4.6 There are no PM2.5 monitoring locations within the study area. MCC undertake PM2.5 monitoring at one automatic analyser, this location was below the annual mean PM2.5 objective of 25μg.m-3 in 2019 and the last five years. Page | 18 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Background Pollutant Concentrations 4.7 There is one urban background NO2 air quality monitoring location within the vicinity of the proposed development on Peaceville Road (MAN81). This background data was used within the assessment to represent air quality conditions at the proposed development Site and provide a conservative assessment of NO2 conditions within the study area. The 2019 data was adjusted in accordance with Defra mapped concentrations19 and assumed a reduction for future year backgrounds (2020 (sensitivity analysis) and 2023). 4.8 Background pollutant concentrations were obtained from the latest Defra background concentration maps15, which are provided for the UK as a 1km x 1km grid network for PM10 and PM2.5. The latest maps are based on 2018 monitoring and meteorological data. Background concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were obtained for the grid squares covering the study area for the year of assessment (2020 (sensitivity analysis) and 2023). The background concentrations used in the assessment are detailed in Table 4.4. Table 4.4: Background Pollutant Concentrations used in the Assessment Pollutant Grid Square Receptors Concentration (μg.m-3) 2019 2020 2023 NO2 386589, 394083 Diffusion tube MAN75 Proposed Receptor Cartesian Grid 23.0 22.1 20.4 PM10 387500, 394500 Proposed Receptor Cartesian Grid n/a 13.5 13.1 PM2.5 n/a 9.4 9.2 4.9 2019, 2020 and 2023 background concentrations are below the relevant annual mean air quality objectives for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. Page | 19 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 5. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ASSESSMENT 5.1 The construction phase of the proposed development will involve a number of activities which have the potential to impact on local air quality. These include emissions of dust generated through demolition, excavation, construction, earthworks and trackout activities, exhaust pollutant emissions from construction traffic on the local highways network, and exhaust emissions from non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) within the construction site itself. 5.2 The location of sensitive receptors in relation to construction activities will affect the potential for such construction activities to cause dust soiling, nuisance and local air quality impacts. Meteorological conditions and the use of control measures will also contribute to the effects experienced. Step 1: Screen the Need for a Detailed Assessment 5.3 Step 1 of the IAQM guidance10 involves a screening assessment to consider whether a more detailed construction phase dust assessment is required. 5.4 In accordance with the guidance, a detailed assessment is required if: • Human receptors are located within 350m of the boundary of the site or 50m of routes used by construction vehicles on the public highways, up to 500m from the site entrances; or • Ecological receptors are located within 50m of the boundary of the site or 50m of routes used by construction vehicles on the public highways, up to 500m from the site entrances. 5.5 From a review of the Multi Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website20, no ecological designations were identified within 50m of the proposed development and therefore the impact on ecological designations was not considered further. However human receptors are located within 350m of the Site boundary, with the closest of these receptors located off Pennington Street and Swallow Street. A construction phase assessment was therefore undertaken. Step 2: Assess the Risk of Dust Impacts Step 2A: Define the Potential Dust Emission Magnitude 5.6 The dust emission magnitudes for the construction activities were defined using the criteria detailed in the IAQM guidance10. Demolition is not proposed as part of the development and therefore wasn’t considered further in the assessment. The criteria and the dust emission magnitude defined for the proposed development are detailed in Table 5.1. 20 Defra, Multi Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) [http://magic.defra.gov.uk/] Page | 20 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Table 5.1: Dust Emission Magnitude Criteria and Definition Activity IAQM Dust Emission Magnitude IAQM Dust Emission Magnitude Criteria Project Defined Dust Emission Magnitude Earthworks Large Total site area >10,000m2, potentially dusty soil type (e.g. clay, which will be prone to suspension when dry due to small particle size), >10 heavy earth moving vehicles active at any one time, formation of bunds >8 m in height, total material moved >100,000 tonnes. Medium: Total site area 2,500m2- 10,000m2. Medium Total site area 2,500m2 – 10,000m2, moderately dusty soil type (e.g. silt), 5 - 10 heavy earth moving vehicles active at any one time, formation of bunds 4m - 8m in height, total material moved 20,000 tonnes – 100,000 tonnes. Small Total site area <2,500m2, soil type with large grain size (e.g. sand), <5 heavy earth moving vehicles active at any one time, formation of bunds <4m in height, total material moved <20,000 tonnes, earthworks during wetter months. Construction Large Total building volume >100,000m3, on site concrete batching, sandblasting. Medium: Total building volume 25,000m3- 100,000m3 Medium Total building volume 25,000m3 – 100,000m3, potentially dusty construction material (e.g. concrete), on site concrete batching. Small Total building volume <25,000m3, construction material with low potential for dust release (e.g. metal cladding or timber). Trackout Large >50 HDV (>3.5t) outward movements in any one day, potentially dusty surface material (e.g. high clay content), unpaved road length >100m. Medium: 10- 50 HDV movements per day expected Medium 10 - 50 HDV (>3.5t) outward movements in any one day, moderately dusty surface material (e.g. high clay content), unpaved road length 50m – 100m. Small <10 HDV (>3.5t) outward movements in any one day, surface material with low potential for dust release, unpaved road length <50m. Step 2B: Define the Sensitivity of the Area 5.7 The sensitivity of the study area takes into account the specific receptors in the vicinity of the Site, the proximity and number of those receptors, the local background concentration of PM10 and site-specific factors. Figure 5.1 was utilised to determine the number of receptors located within the distance bands provided in the IAQM guidance10 for determining receptor sensitivity. The assessment requires the determination of the sensitivity of the area for the purposes of dust soiling, human health and ecological impacts and these are presented in Table 5.2. Page | 21 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Table 5.2: Determination of the Sensitivity of the Area Potential Impact Justification Sensitivity Earthworks Construction Trackout Dust Soiling There are >100 highly sensitive receptors within 50m of the proposed development. High High High Human Health There are >100 highly sensitive receptors within 50m of the proposed development. The 2019 background concentration of PM10 is less than 24μg.m-3. Low Low Low Page | 22 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 5.1: Construction Phase Assessment Dust Distance Buffers Page | 23 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Step 2C: Define the Risk of Impacts 5.8 The dust emission magnitude determined in Step 2A is then combined with the sensitivity of the area determined in Step 2B to define the risk of dust impacts with no mitigation applied. The results of this assessment are detailed in Table 5.3. Table 5.3: Summary Dust Risk Table to Define Site Specific Risk Activity Step 2A: Dust Emission Magnitude Step 2B: Sensitivity of the Area Step 2C: Risk of Dust Impacts Dust Soiling Effects on People and Property Earthworks Medium High Medium Risk Construction Medium High Medium Risk Trackout Medium High Medium Risk Human Health Impacts Earthworks Medium Low Low Risk Construction Medium Low Low Risk Trackout Medium Low Low Risk Step 3: Site-Specific Mitigation 5.9 The risk of dust impacts defined in Step 2C is used to determine the measures required to mitigate construction phase dust impacts. The mitigation measures are detailed in Section 8 of this report. Step 4: Determine Significant Effects 5.10 In accordance with IAQM guidance10, with the implementation of the mitigation measures detailed in Section 8, the residual impacts from the construction phase are considered to be ‘not significant’. Page | 24 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 6. OPERATIONAL PHASE ROAD TRAFFIC EMISSIONS IMPACT SCREENING ASSESSMENT 6.1 The trip generation for the proposed development was screened using IAQM and EPUK Stage 1 and Stage 2 criteria11 to determine whether a detailed air quality assessment was required. Stage 1 6.2 The proposed development comprises more than 10 residential units and proposes more than 10 parking spaces; it was therefore necessary to proceed to Stage 2. Stage 2 6.3 The residential trip generation for the proposed development was provided by Curtains, the Transport Consultants for the project. 6.4 The Transport Consultants advised that the MCC Highways Department had agreed that the commercial units on the ground floor would be ancillary to the residential elements; with the majority of users of the commercial units living local within the area and will likely travel via sustainable modes rather than drive. 6.5 The residential trip generation for the proposed development is predicted to be 91 trips as a 24 hour Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) flow, none of which would be HDVs. This trip generation was compared to the Stage 2 criteria detailed in paragraph 3.8. The proposed development trip generation does not exceed the Stage 2 criteria and therefore in accordance with IAQM and EPUK guidance11 the impact on local air quality was considered to be insignificant. A detailed road traffic emissions impact assessment was not therefore undertaken. Page | 25 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 7. OPERATIONAL PHASE ROAD TRAFFIC EMISSIONS EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Proposed Receptor Locations 7.1 Pollutant concentrations were predicted across the proposed development Site to consider exposure of future occupants and residents of the proposed development to air quality. ACartesian grid was modelled across the proposed development Site, using a Cartesian gridline boundary closest to existing road sources. Pollutant concentrations were predicted at a height of 1.5m and 3.0m to represent the ground and first floors of the proposed development for Scenario 2: 2023 Opening Year ‘with development’. The predicted pollutant concentrations are shown in Figures 7.1 – 7.6. Page | 26 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.1: Predicted Ground Floor Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations across the Site Page | 27 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.2: Ground Floor Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations across the Site Page | 28 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.3: Ground Floor Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations across the Site Page | 29 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 7.2 Figures 7.1 and 7.2 detail the concentrations of NO2, and PM10 across the Site at a height of 1.5m. The proposed commercial uses will be situated at the ground floor, but were not yet confirmed at the time the assessment was undertaken. Therefore members of the public would not be expected to be exposed at these locations for a length of time commensurate with the annual mean air quality objectives. The ground floor was therefore considered with regard to the relevant short term NO2 and PM10 air quality objectives. 7.3 The highest predicted NO2 and PM10 concentrations within the ground floor of the proposed development are 33.2μg.m-3 and 16.9μg.m-3 respectively for NO2 and PM10. With regard to short term air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10, the predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations are less than 60μg.m-3 and therefore in accordance with Defra guidance it may be assumed that exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective is unlikely. The calculation detailed in paragraph 3.15was used to determine potential exceedance of the 24-hour PM10 short term objective: no exceedances were predicted. 7.4 Figure 7.3 details the predicted PM2.5 concentrations across the proposed development at a height of 1.5m. The highest predicted concentration was 11.2μg.m-3. Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were below the annual mean PM2.5 objective of 25μg.m-3 on all floors of the proposed development. Page | 30 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.4: Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations across the Site at first floor level Page | 31 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.5: Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations across the Site at first floor level Page | 32 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure 7.6: Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations across the Site at first floor level Page | 33 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 7.5 Figures 7.4 and 7.5 detail the NO2 and PM10 concentrations across the first floor of the proposed development, where residential receptors will be situated. The highest predicted NO2 and PM10 concentrations were 31.2μg.m-3 and 16.2μg.m-3 respectively. These concentrations are below the relevant annual mean objective of 40μg.m-3 for both pollutants. With regard to short term air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10, the predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations are less than 60μg.m-3 and therefore in accordance with Defra guidance it may be assumed that exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective is unlikely. The calculation detailed in paragraph 3.15was used to determine potential exceedance of the 24-hour PM10 short term objective: no exceedances were predicted. 7.6 Figure 7.6 details the predicted PM2.5 concentrations across the proposed development at a height of 3.0m. The highest predicted concentration was 10.9μg.m-3. Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were below the relevant annual mean PM2.5 objective of 25μg.m- 3 on all floors of the proposed development. 7.7 The Site is therefore considered suitable for the proposed uses with respect to air quality. Page | 34 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 8. MITIGATION Construction Phase Assessment Step 3: Site-specific Mitigation 8.1 The risk of dust impacts, defined in Step 2C of the assessment, is used to determine the mitigation measures required to minimise the emission of dust during construction phase activities. The IAQM guidance10 provides details of highly recommended and desirable mitigation measures which are commensurate with the risk of dust impacts defined in Step 2C for construction, earthworks and track out activities. Where the mitigation measures are general in nature, the highest risk category was applied in accordance with the guidance10. The highest risk category identified was ‘Medium Risk’ and the recommended mitigation taken from the IAQM guidance10 is detailed in Table 8.1 and Table 8.2. Table 8.1: Mitigation Measures for a Medium Risk Site Category Mitigation Measures Highly Recommended Desirable Communication Develop and implement a Dust Management Plan (DMP), which may include measures to control other emissions, approved by the Local Authority. None Display the name and contact details of person(s) accountable for air quality and dust issues on the site boundary. This may be the environmental manager/engineer or the site manager. Display the head or regional office contact information. Site Management Record all dust and air quality complaints, identify cause(s), take appropriate measures to reduce emissions in a timely manner and record the measures taken. None Make the complaints log available to the local authority when asked. Record any exceptional incidents that cause dust and/or air emissions, either on- or off-site, and the action taken to resolve the situation in the log book. Page | 35 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Category Mitigation Measures Highly Recommended Desirable Monitoring Carry out regular site inspections to monitor compliance with the DMP , record inspections results, and make an inspection log available to the local authority when asked. Undertake daily on-site and off-site inspection, where receptors (including roads) are nearby, to monitor dust, record inspection results, and make the log available to the local authority when asked. This should include regular dust soiling checks of surfaces such as street furniture, cars and window sills within 100m of the site boundary, with cleaning to be provided as necessary. Increase the frequency of site inspections by the person accountable for air quality and dust issues on site when activities with a high potential to produce dust are being carried out and during prolonged dry or windy conditions. Preparing and maintaining the site Plan the site layout so that machinery and dust causing activities are located away from receptors, as far as is possible. None Erect solid screens or barriers around dusty activities or the site boundary that are at least as high as any stockpiles on site. Fully enclose site or specific operations where there is a high potential for dust production and the site is active for an extended period. Keep site fencing, barriers and scaffolding clean using wet methods. Cover, seed or fence stockpiles to prevent wind whipping. Remove materials that have a potential to produce dust from site as soon as possible, unless being re-used on site. If they are being re-used on-site cover as described below. Avoid site runoff of water or mud. Operating vehicle/ machinery sustainable travel and Ensure all vehicles switch off engines when stationary – no idling vehicles. Impose and signpost a maximum- speed-limit of 15 mph on surfaced and 10 mph on un-surfaced haul roads and work areas (if long haul routes are required these speeds may be increased with suitable control measures provided, subject to the approval of the nominated undertaker and with the agreement of the local authority, where appropriate). Avoid the use of diesel or petrol powered generators and use mains electricity or battery powered equipment where practicable. Page | 36 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Category Mitigation Measures Highly Recommended Desirable Produce a Construction Logistics Plan to manage the sustainable delivery of goods and materials Operations Only use cutting, grinding or sawing equipment fitted or in conjunction with suitable dust suppression techniques such as water sprays or local extraction, e.g. suitable local exhaust ventilation systems. None Ensure an adequate water supply on site for effective dust/particulate matter suppression/mitigation, using non- potable water where possible and appropriate. Use enclosed chutes and conveyors and covered skips. Ensure equipment is readily available on site to clean and dry spillages, and clean up spillages as soon as reasonably practicable after the event using wet cleaning methods. Minimise drop heights from conveyors, loading shovels, hoppers and other loading or handling equipment and use fine water sprays on such equipment wherever appropriate. Waste Management Avoid bonfires and burning of waste materials. None Table 8.2: Mitigation Measures Specific to, Earthworks, Construction and Trackout Category Mitigation Measures Highly Recommended Desirable Earthworks (Medium Risk Site) None Re-vegetate earthworks and exposed areas/soil stockpiles to stabilise surfaces as soon as practicable. Use Hessian, mulches or tackifiers where it is not possible to re-vegetate or cover with topsoil, as soon as practicable. Only remove the cover in small areas during work and not all at once. Construction (Medium Risk Site) Ensure sand and other aggregates are stored in bunded areas and are not allowed to dry out, unless this is required for a particular process, in which case ensure that appropriate additional control measures are in place. For smaller supplies of fine power materials ensure bags are sealed after use and stored appropriately to prevent dust. Page | 37 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Category Mitigation Measures Highly Recommended Desirable Avoid scabbling (roughening of concrete surfaces) if possible. Ensure bulk cement and other fine powder materials are delivered in enclosed tankers and stored in silos with suitable emission control systems to prevent escape of material and overfilling during delivery. Trackout (Medium Risk Site) Use water-assisted dust sweeper(s) on the access and local roads, to remove, as necessary, any materials tracked out of the site. This may require the sweeper being continuously in use. None Avoid dry sweeping of large areas. Ensure vehicles entering and leaving the sites are covered to prevent escape of materials during transport. Inspect on-site haul routes for integrity and instigate necessary repairs to the surface as soon as reasonably practicable. Record all inspections of haul routes and any subsequent action in a site log book. Implement a wheel washing system (with rumble grids to dislodge accumulated dust and mud prior to leaving the site where reasonably practicable). Ensure there is an adequate area of hard surfaced road between the wheel wash facility and the site exit, wherever site size and layout permits. Access gates to be located at least 10m from receptors where possible. Road Traffic Emissions 8.2 The development will result in minimal increases in pollutant concentrations and no new exceedances of the relevant air quality objectives are predicted. 8.3 However, a minimum of 10% electric Vehicle charging points will be included within the development proposals 8.4 In addition, a Travel Plan was prepared to support the proposed development. The Travel Plan includes measures aimed to reduce road traffic emissions associated with the proposed development, such as: • Provision of 43 cycle parking spaces to encourage active travel; and • Provision of a car club bay at a location to be confirmed in proximity to the proposed development to encourage the shift from private car ownership. Page | 38 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 9. CONCLUSIONS 9.1 An air quality assessment was undertaken for the proposed development at Stockport Road in Levenshulme. 9.2 A qualitative construction phase assessment was undertaken and measures were recommended for inclusion in a DMP to minimise emissions during construction activities. With the implementation of these mitigation measures the impact of construction phase dust emissions is considered to be ‘not significant’ in accordance with IAQM guidance10. 9.3 An air quality screening assessment was undertaken in accordance with IAQM and EPUK Guidance11 to determine the requirement for a detailed road traffic emissions impacts assessment. The proposals were compared to the criteria detailed in the guidance. The proposed development did not exceed any of the Stage 2 criteria, therefore the impact was considered to be ‘insignificant’ in accordance with IAQM and EPUK guidance11. A detailed road traffic emissions impact assessment was therefore not undertaken. 9.4 A detailed road traffic emissions exposure assessment was undertaken to predict pollutant concentrations across the proposed development Site using the dispersion model ADMS-Roads. Concentrations were predicted across the ground floor and first floors to consider the suitability of the Site for the proposed commercial and residential uses. Road traffic emissions were modelled using the dispersion model ADMS-Roads. The modelling assessment was undertaken in accordance with Defra Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance9. Concentrations of NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were all predicted to be below the relevant air quality objectives and therefore the Site was considered to be suitable for the proposed uses with regard to air quality. Page | 39 LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDICES  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Term Air quality objective Air quality standard Annual mean AQAP AQMA AQS Defra Exceedance HDV HGV IAQM LAQM LDV NO NO2 NOx O3 Percentile PM10 PM2.5 micrograms per cubic metre (μg.m-3) UK-AIR UKAQS Definition Policy target generally expressed as a maximum ambient concentration to be achieved, either without exception or with a permitted number of exceedances within a specific timescale (see also air quality standard). The concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere which can broadly be taken to achieve a certain level of environmental quality. The standards are based on the assessment of the effects of each pollutant on human health including the effects on sensitive sub groups (see also air quality objective). The average (mean) of the concentrations measured for each pollutant for one year. Usually this is for a calendar year, but some species are reported for the period April to March, known as a pollution year. This period avoids splitting winter season between two years, which is useful for pollutants that have higher concentrations during the winter months. Air Quality Action Plan. Air Quality Management Area. Air Quality Strategy. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. A period of time where the concentrations of a pollutant is greater than, or equal to, the appropriate air quality standard. Heavy Duty Vehicles, (HGVs + buses) Heavy Goods Vehicles. Institute of Air Quality Management. Local Air Quality Management. Light Duty Vehicles (motorbikes, cars, vans and small trucks) Nitrogen monoxide, a.k.a. nitric oxide. Nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen oxides. Ozone. The percentage of results below a given value. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 micrometres. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres. A measure of concentration in terms of mass per unit volume. A concentration of 1􏰀g.m-3 means that one cubic metre of air contains one microgram (millionth of a gram) of pollutant. UK Air Information Resource – A source of air quality information provided by Defra. United Kingdom Air Quality Strategy.  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX B: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT MASTERPLAN    LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX C: TRAFFIC DATA UTILISED IN THE AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Traffic Data Utilised in the Air Dispersion Modelling Assessment Road Link Speed Scenario 1: 2019 Verification Year Scenario 2: 2023 Opening Year with Development Km.hr-1 24 hour AADT Total Flow HDV Flow 24 hour AADT Total Flow HDV Flow A6 Stockport Road 40 17,532 1,000 18,788 1,042  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX D: WIND ROSE FOR 2019 FOR MANCHESTER AIRPORT METEOROLOGICAL RECORDING STATION  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMEBR 2020 MCP2360 Meteorological data for 2019 verification year for the Manchester Airport recording station was obtained for use in the air dispersion modelling assessment. The wind rose for 2019 is detailed below and illustrates a predominant wind direction from the south. M:\Data\MCA\MCA2117_Pollard Street, Ancoats\02. Project Delivery\01. WIP\Models\ADMS Model\MANCHESTER_2019.met 340° 350° 0° 600 500 400 300 200 100 10° 20° 330° 320° 310° 300° 290° 280° 270° 260° 250° 240° 230° 220° 210° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 200° 190° 180° 170° 160° 0 3 6 10 16 (knots) Wind speed 0 1.5 3.1 5.1 8.2 (m/s)  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX E: MODEL VERIFICATION  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Whilst ADMS-Roads is widely validated for use in this type of assessment, model verification for the area around the Site will not have been included. To determine model performance at a local level, a comparison of modelled results with monitored results in the study area was done in accordance with the methodology provided by Defra9. This process of verification aims to minimise modelling uncertainty by correcting modelled results by an adjustment factor to give greater confidence to the results. The model was run for Scenario 1: 2019 Verification Year to predict the 2019annual mean road contributions of NOx at the monitoring location in the study area. The model NOx outputs at this location were compared to the 2019 monitored concentrations to provide adjustment factors. Tables E1 and E2 presents the verification process for NOx. No monitoring of PM10 or PM2.5 is undertaken within the study area. Therefore the adjustment factor calculated during the NOx verification process was utilised to adjust predicted concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. Table E1: NOx Verification Process Model Verification Steps MAN75 2019 monitored total NO2 (μg.m-3) 47.0 2019 background NO2 concentration (μg.m-3) 23.0 Monitored road contribution NOx (μg.m-3) 51.0 Modelled road contribution NOx (μg.m-3) 10.9 Ratio of monitored road NOx to modelled road NOx 4.7 Adjustment factor for modelled road contribution NOx 4.6759 Adjusted modelled road contribution NOx (μg.m-3) 51.0 Modelled total NO2 concentration (μg.m-3) 47.0 Monitored total NO2 concentration (μg.m-3) 47.0 % difference between modelled and monitored total NO2 concentration 0.0 RMSE % (should be less than 25% and ideally less than 10%) 0.0 A road-NOx factor of 4.6759 was determined as the slope of the best fit line between the ’measured’ road contribution and the model derived road contribution, forced through zero. This factor was then applied to the modelled road-NOx concentration at each receptor, before conversion to NO2 concentrations using the NOx to NO2 calculator14 provided by Defra and the adjusted NO2 background concentration.  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 The verification process utilised monitoring data at MCC monitoring location MAN75. This is the only monitoring location in the vicinity of the site but is a kerbside monitoring location. The use of this monitoring location for verification purposes was agreed with MCC, however has resulted in a high adjustment factor being calculated. However this provides a conservative assessment as this high adjustment factor was used to adjust predicted NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at the Site.  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 APPENDIX F: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to consider a scenario where pollutant background concentrations do not decrease with future years. Therefore base year (2020) background concentrations, NOx to NO2 calculator inputs and emission factors were utilised for the 2023 Opening Year with development scenario. Figure F1 and F2 detail the concentrations of NO2, and PM10 across the Site at a height of 1.5m. The proposed commercial uses will be situated at the ground floor and these were considered with regard to the relevant short term NO2 and PM10 air quality objectives. The highest predicted NO2 and PM10 concentrations within the ground floor of the proposed development are 40.0μg.m-3 and 17.3μg.m-3 respectively for NO2 and PM10. With regard to short term air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10, the predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations are less than 60μg.m-3 and therefore in accordance with Defra guidance it may be assumed that exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective is unlikely. The calculation detailed in paragraph 3.15was used to determine potential exceedance of the 24-hour PM10 short term objective: no exceedances were predicted. Figure F3 details the predicted PM2.5 concentrations at ground floor level of 1.5m. The highest concentration predicted was 11.6μg.m-3. Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were below the annual mean objective of 25μg.m-3 on all floors of the proposed development.  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F1: Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations across the Site at 1.5m ground floor level  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F2: Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations across the Site at 1.5m ground floor level  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F3: Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations across the Site at 1.5m ground floor level Figure F4 and F5 detail the detail the concentrations NO2, and PM10 across the first floor of the building where residential uses are proposed. The highest predicted NO2 and PM10 concentrations within the ground floor of the proposed development are 37.3μg.m-3 and  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 16.7μg./m-3 respectively for NO2 and PM10. These concentrations are below the relevant annual mean air quality objective of 40μg.m-3 for both pollutants. The sensitivity analysis is a conservative assessment which considers a scenario where pollutant concentrations do not decrease as predicted, in real world conditions and following the updated to the Defra tool in August 2020 it is expected that the 2023 Opening Year with development scenario is representative of conditions at the proposed development site. The first floor was modelled at 3.0m as a conservative floor height as final floor heights were not confirmed at the time of assessment. With regard to the short term air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10, the predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations are less than 60μg.m-3 and therefore in accordance with Defra guidance it may be assumed that exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective is unlikely. The calculation detailed in paragraph 3.15 was used to determine potential exceedance of the 24-hour PM10 short term objective: no exceedances were predicted. Figure F6 details the predicted PM2.5 concentrations at ground floor level of 3.0m. The highest concentration predicted was 11.3μg.m-3. Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were below the annual mean objective of 25μg.m-3 on all floors of the proposed development.  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F4: Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations across the Site at 3.0m first floor level  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F5: Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations across the Site at 3.0m first floor level  LAND OFF STOCKPORT ROAD AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 MCP2360 Figure F6: Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations across the site at 3.0m first floor level  www.bwbconsulting.com